TOXIDROMES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF SOME DRUGS

TOXIDROMES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF SOME DRUGS

1.     ANTI-CHOLINERGICS:

·         Atropine

·         Anti-histamines

·         Scopolamine

·         Extract of belladonna

       TOXIDROME:

·         Red as beet

·         Dilated pupils(blind as bat)

·         Mad as a hatter

·         Dry as a bone(urinary retention,dry mouth)

·         Hot as a dessert

2.     CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES:

·         White phosphorous

·         Nitric acid

·         Sodium hydroxide

·         Hydrochloric acid

·         Sulphuric acid

TOXIDROME

·         COAGULATIVE NECROSIS (acids)

·         Liquefactive necrosis (bases)

·         Respiratory complications

Dysphonia

Upper airway inflammation

Aphonia

Stridor

Bronchospasm

Laryngospasm

·         CVS complications:

Hypovolumic shock

Ischemia

Myocardial ischemia

·         CNS complications:

Anxiety

Agitation

Seizures

3.     SALICYLATES:

Aspirin(acetyl salicylic acid)

Methyl salicylate

            Toxidrome:

·         Aspirin:

Tinnitis

Hyperventilation

Dehydration due to hyperventilation

Fever

Drowsiness

·         Methyl salicylate:

Fever

Headache

Seizures

Hallucinations

Tinnitis

Difficult or no breathing

Agitation,comma and confusion

4.     NARCOTICS:

·         Opioids

       TOXIDROME:

·         Euphoria

·         Addiction(withdrawl symptoms)

·         Pin point pupil

·         Constipation

·         Pulmonary edema

·         Respiratory depression

·         Shock

·         Drowsiness

5.     SYMPATHOMIMETICS:

·         Beta-agonists(salbutamol)

·         Amphetamines

·         Ephedrine

·         Cocaine

·         Methamphetamine

       TOXIDROME:

·         Anxiety

·         Delusions

·         Diaphoresis

·         Paranoia

·         Piloerection

·         Seizures

·         Hyper-reflexia

6.     SEDATIVES AND HYPNOTICS:

·         Barbiturates

·         Benzodiazipines

·         Gamma-hydroxy butyric acid

·         Methaqualone

·         Ethanol

       TOXIDROME:

·         Ataxia

·         Slurred speech

·         Stupper

·         Diplopia

·         Nystagmus

·         Hallucinations

·         Paresthesias

·         Comma

7.     TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS:

·         Amoxapine

·         Maprotiline

      TOXIDROME:

·         Apnea

·          cardiac dysrhythmias

·         Seizures

·         hallucinations

      8.HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT:

·         Sulphonyl urea compounds

       TOXIDROME:

·         Apathy

·         Agitation

·         Convulsions

·         Tingling

·         Stupor

8.     ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS:

·         Sulphonyl urea compounds(glipezide,tolbutamide,chlorpropamide)

       TOXIDROME:

·         Agitation

·         Apathy

·         Tingling

·         Stupor

·         Convulsions

      10 .BETA BLOCKERS:

·         Carvedilol

·         Bisoprolol

      TOXIDROME:

·         Nausea

·         Dyspnea

·         Diarrhea

·         Bradychardia

·         Hypotension

·         Heart failure

·         Sexual dysfunction

·         hallucinations